- የአሜሪካ የአፍሪካ ቀንድ ልዩ ልዑክ መሪ ዴቪድ ሳተርፊልድ አዲስ አበባ መግባታቸው ተሰምቷል።
- HR 6600 የዘመናችን የውጫሌ የቅኝ ግዛት ውል ነው በሚል ኢትዮጵያውያን አዲስ እንቅስቃሴ እንዲጀመር ጉዳያችን ጥሪ ታቀርባለች።
- HR 6600 የተሰኘው ሕግ ተብዬው ምን ያህል በነጻነታችን ላይ የተቃጣ ወረራ እንደሆነ ለመረዳት እንዲረዳዎ ሙሉ ይዘቱን ይዘናል።
- ህጉ እንዳይጸድቅ የሚጠይቀውን ፔቲሽን ፊርማ ይህንን ሊንክ በመክፈት ይፈርሙ። ሊንኩ https://chng.it/dXrxhghY ነው።
|
117th CONGRESS |
H. R. 6600
To support
stabilization, peace, and democracy efforts in Ethiopia.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
February 4, 2022
Mr. Malinowski (for himself, Mrs. Kim of California, Mr. Meeks, and Mr. McCaul) introduced the following bill;
which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition to the
Committees on the Judiciary, Financial Services, and Armed Services, for a
period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for
consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the
committee concerned
A BILL
To support
stabilization, peace, and democracy efforts in Ethiopia.
Be it
enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress assembled,
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.
This Act may
be cited as the “Ethiopia Stabilization, Peace, and Democracy Act”.
SEC.
2. STATEMENT OF POLICY.
It is the
policy of the United States—
(1) to
support efforts to end the civil war and other conflicts in Ethiopia and gross
violations of internationally recognized human rights, war crimes, crimes
against humanity, genocide, and other atrocities in Ethiopia;
(2) to use
all diplomatic, development, and legal tools to stabilize and end violence in
Ethiopia;
(3) to
support efforts to hold accountable those who committed gross violations of
internationally recognized human rights, war crimes, crimes against humanity,
genocide, and other atrocities in Ethiopia; and
(4) to
promote an inclusive national dialogue in order to bring about a peaceful,
democratic, and unified Ethiopia.
SEC.
3. STRATEGY TO SUPPORT
STABILIZATION EFFORTS, HUMAN RIGHTS, AND DEMOCRACY.
(a) In General.—The
Secretary of State, in coordination with the Administrator of the United States
Agency for International Development, the Secretary of the Treasury, and the
heads of other relevant Federal departments and agencies, shall develop a
strategy to support efforts to end the civil war and other conflicts in
Ethiopia, pursue accountability for gross violations of internationally
recognized human rights, war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, and
other atrocities in Ethiopia, and promote democracy, human rights, and
reconciliation in Ethiopia.
(b) Elements.—The
strategy required by subsection (a) shall include a plan to implement the
strategy, including to—
(1) advance
diplomatic engagement with the United Nations, the African Union, the European
Union, and other regional bodies, countries, and international partners;
(2) address
acute humanitarian needs, ensure unfettered humanitarian access to and support
for vulnerable populations, including refugees, internally displaced persons,
vulnerable populations, and individuals forcibly displaced by the civil war and
other conflicts in Ethiopia;
(3) identify
and deter external material support provided to any parties to the conflict for
the purposes of perpetuating or affecting the civil war and other conflicts in
Ethiopia;
(4) support
justice and accountability for gross violations of internationally recognized
human rights, crimes against humanity, genocide, war crimes, and atrocities
committed in Ethiopia and to enhance rule of law;
(5) ensure
the safety and security of United States Embassy staff and United States
citizens and legal permanent residents in Ethiopia, including contingency plans
to evacuate, as needed, these individuals from Ethiopia;
(6) combat
hate speech and disinformation in Ethiopia, including efforts to coordinate
with social media companies to mitigate the effects of social media content
generated outside of the United States focused on perpetuating the civil war
and other conflicts in Ethiopia, including through hate speech and language
inciting violence;
(7)
meaningfully engage civil society of all ethnicities, including women and
youth, in conflict resolution, inclusive dialogue, reconciliation, and
community-based efforts to support peacebuilding and an end to violence in
Ethiopia;
(8) support
conflict resolution and psychosocial rehabilitation for populations in Ethiopia
affected by the civil war and other conflicts in Ethiopia, including an
analysis of the drivers of the civil war and other conflicts in Ethiopia;
(9) as
appropriate, support efforts to restore medical and other health-related
infrastructure that was damaged or destroyed during the course of the civil war
in Ethiopia;
(10)
develop, communicate, and assess clearly defined benchmarks and metrics
required to resume certain assistance in Ethiopia, including related to
democracy and governance, economic growth, and development and an analysis of
the drivers of the civil war and other conflicts in Ethiopia; and
(11) address
threats, due to ethnicity, religion, political or geographic affiliations, or
affiliation with the United States, against Ethiopian citizens working for
United States Government agencies in Ethiopia.
(c) Report.—Not later
than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of
State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report that
contains the strategy required by subsection (a).
(d) Report On Progress Towards
Accountability.—Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment
of this Act, and every 180 days thereafter for 5 years, the Secretary of State
shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a report on progress
towards holding individuals accountable for gross violations of internationally
recognized human rights, war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, and
other atrocities.
SEC.
4. ACTIONS IN SUPPORT OF PEACE,
STABILITY, AND ACCOUNTABILITY.
(a) Bilateral Sanctions.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall impose the
sanctions described in paragraph (2) with respect to any foreign person that
the President determines—
(A) has
undermined, attempted to undermine, or seeks to undermine efforts with respect
to a cease-fire and negotiated settlement to end the civil war or other
conflicts in Ethiopia;
(B) is
responsible for or complicit in actions or policies that expanded or extended
the civil war or other conflicts in Ethiopia;
(C) has
committed gross violations of internationally recognized human rights, war
crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, or other atrocities in Ethiopia;
(D) has
obstructed, delayed, or diverted, or seeks to obstruct, delay, or divert, the
provision of humanitarian assistance for those affected by the civil war or
other conflicts in Ethiopia;
(E) has
planned, directed, or committed attacks in Ethiopia against United Nations and
African Union, humanitarian, or nongovernmental organization personnel; and
(F) has—
(i)
knowingly engaged in or materially contributed to the civil war or other
conflicts in Ethiopia;
(ii)
provided to any party involved in the civil war or other conflicts in Ethiopia
conventional weapons that fall within the scope of conventional weapons under
the United National Register of Conventional Arms; or
(iii)
provided to any party involved in the civil war or other conflicts in Ethiopia
any technical training, financial resources or services, advice, other services
or assistance related to the supply, sale, transfer, manufacture, maintenance,
or use of arms, spare parts, and related materiel described in paragraph (1),
utilized for the purposes of perpetuating and expanding the civil war or other
conflicts in Ethiopia.
(2) SANCTIONS DESCRIBED.—The sanctions to be imposed
under paragraph (1) with respect to a foreign person are the following:
(A) BLOCKING OF PROPERTY.—The exercise of all powers
granted to the President by the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the
extent necessary to block and prohibit all transactions in all property and
interests in property of the foreign person if such property and interests in
property are in the United States, come within the United States, or are or
come within the possession or control of a United States person.
(B) ALIENS INADMISSIBLE FOR VISAS, ADMISSION, OR
PAROLE.—
(i) VISAS, ADMISSION, OR PAROLE.—An alien described in
paragraph (1) is—
(I)
inadmissible to the United States;
(II)
ineligible to receive a visa or other documentation to enter the United States;
and
(III)
otherwise ineligible to be admitted or paroled into the United States or to
receive any other benefit under the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.).
(ii) CURRENT VISAS REVOKED.—
(I) IN GENERAL.—The visa or other entry documentation
of an alien described in paragraph (1) shall be revoked, regardless of when
such visa or other entry documentation is or was issued.
(II) IMMEDIATE EFFECT.—A revocation under subclause (I)
shall—
(aa) take
effect immediately; and
(bb)
automatically cancel any other valid visa or entry documentation that is in the
alien’s possession.
(3) EXCEPTIONS.—
(A) EXCEPTION RELATING TO IMPORTATION OF GOODS.—
(i) IN GENERAL.—The authority or a requirement to
impose sanctions under this section shall not include the authority or a
requirement to impose sanctions on the importation of goods.
(ii) GOOD DEFINED.—In this subparagraph, the term “good”
means any article, natural or manmade substance, material, supply, or
manufactured product, including inspection and test equipment, and excluding
technical data.
(B) EXCEPTION TO COMPLY WITH AGREEMENTS RELATED TO THE
OFFICIAL ACTIVITIES OF CERTAIN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND OTHER
INTERNATIONAL ENTITIES AND LAW ENFORCEMENT OBJECTIVES.—Sanctions under
paragraph (2)(B) shall not apply to an alien if admitting the alien into the
United States—
(i) is
necessary to permit the United States to comply with agreements between the
United Nations and the United States, between the United States and certain
other international organizations or entities, or other applicable
international obligations of the United States, as identified by the Secretary
of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, or the heads of other appropriate
Federal departments and agencies; or
(ii) would
further important law enforcement objectives.
(4) IMPLEMENTATION; PENALTIES.—
(A) IMPLEMENTATION.—The President may exercise all
authorities provided under sections 203 and 205 of the International Emergency
Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out this subsection.
(B) PENALTIES RELATING TO BLOCKING OF PROPERTY.—A
person that violates, attempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a
violation of subsection or any regulation, license, or order issued to carry
out this subsection shall be subject to the penalties set forth in subsections
(b) and (c) of section 206 of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same extent as a person
that commits an unlawful act described in subsection (a) of that section.
(C) TERMINATION.—Sanctions imposed on a person under
paragraph (2) shall not apply on or after the date that is 30 days after the
Secretary of State determines and certifies to the appropriate committees that
the person no longer engages in activities described in paragraph (1).
(D) SUSPENSION OF SANCTIONS.—
(i) IN GENERAL.—The President may suspend in whole or
in part the imposition of sanctions otherwise required under this subsection
for periods not to exceed 90 days if the President determines that the parties
to the civil war and other conflicts in Ethiopia have agreed to and are
upholding a cease-fire and undergoing an inclusive political dialogue in
Ethiopia.
(ii) NOTIFICATION REQUIRED.—Not later than 30 days after
the date on which the President makes a determination to suspend the imposition
of sanctions as described in clause (i), the President shall submit to the
appropriate congressional committees a notification of the determination.
(iii) REIMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS.—Any sanctions suspended
under clause (i) shall be reimposed if the President determines that the
criteria described in that clause are no longer being met.
(E) WAIVER.—The President may waive the application of
sanctions described in paragraph (2) with respect to a person described in
paragraph (1) if the President determines and certifies to the appropriate
congressional committees that such waiver is in the national interest of the
United States.
(F) EXCEPTION TO COMPLY WITH NATIONAL SECURITY.—The
following activities shall be exempt from sanctions under this subsection:
(i)
Activities subject to the reporting requirements under title V of the National
Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3091 et seq.).
(ii) Any
authorized intelligence or law enforcement activities of the United States.
(5) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection:
(A) ADMISSION; ADMITTED; ALIEN.—The terms “admission”,
“admitted”, and “alien” have the meanings given those terms in section 101 of
the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101).
(B) FOREIGN PERSON.—The term “foreign person” means a
person that is not a United States person.
(C) KNOWINGLY.—The term “knowingly”, with respect to
conduct, a circumstance, or a result, means that a person has actual knowledge,
or should have known, of the conduct, the circumstance, or the result.
(D) UNITED STATES PERSON.—The term “United States
person” means—
(i) a United
States citizen, an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence to the
United States, or any other individual subject to the jurisdiction of the
United States; or
(ii) an
entity organized under the laws of the United States or of any jurisdiction
within the United States, including a foreign branch of such entity.
(b) Multilateral Sanctions.—The
Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury and the
Secretary of Commerce, as appropriate, should seek to engage with other member
countries of the United Nations Security Council, other member countries of the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, the European Union, the African Union, and
any other relevant actors to achieve a coordinated imposition of multilateral
sanctions and export controls on persons described in subsection (a)(1).
(c) Limitations On Export Of
Defense And Dual-Use Items.—
(1) DUAL-USE ITEMS.—The Secretary of Commerce, in
coordination with the Secretary of State, shall determine whether licenses
should be required under section 1754(c)(1)(A) of the Export Control Reform Act
of 2018 (50 U.S.C. 4813(c)(1)(A)) for the
export, reexport, or in-country transfer to Ethiopia or Eritrea of items
described in clause (ii) of that section.
(2) DEFENSE ITEMS.—No license may be issued for the
export to Ethiopia or Eritrea of any item on the United States Munitions List under
section 38(a)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778(a)(1)).
SEC.
5. LIMITATION ON SECURITY
ASSISTANCE.
(a) In General.—Beginning
on the date of the enactment of this Act, all amounts authorized to be
appropriated or otherwise made available by the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961
(22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) or chapter 16 of title 10, United
States Code, and made available to provide assistance to Ethiopia’s security
forces shall be suspended from obligation and expenditure until the date that
is 30 days after the Secretary of State determines and certifies to the
appropriate congressional committees that the conditions described in
subsection (b) are met.
(b) Conditions Described.—The
conditions described in this subsection are the following:
(1) The
Government of Ethiopia has ceased all offensive military operations associated
with the civil war and other conflicts in Ethiopia.
(2) The
Government of Ethiopia has taken steps toward negotiations and a legitimate,
inclusive national dialogue.
(3) The
Government of Ethiopia has implemented measures to better protect human rights
and ensure adherence to international humanitarian law.
(4) The
Government of Ethiopia has continuously allowed unfettered humanitarian access.
(5) The
Government of Ethiopia has cooperated with independent investigations of
credible allegations of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other human
rights abuse carried out in the course of the civil war and other conflicts in
Ethiopia.
(c) Exception.—The
suspension of amounts under subsection (a) shall not include amounts authorized
to be appropriated or otherwise made available for law enforcement, border
security, including land, sea, and air ports of entry, or other activities
conducted in coordination with the Government of Ethiopia that are in support
of United States national security objectives.
(d) Report.—Not later
than 15 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of
State shall submit to the appropriate congressional committees a comprehensive
list of all assistance suspended in compliance with the limitation on
assistance required by subsection (a) as of the date of the enactment of this
Act.
(e) Waiver.—The
President may, subject to congressional notification requirements under other
applicable provisions of law, waive the limitation on assistance required by
subsection (a), if the President—
(1)
determines that the waiver is in the national interest of the United States;
and
(2) submits
to the appropriate congressional committees a notice of and justification for
the waiver not later than 15 days after the exercise of the waiver, including
an explanation as to why the waiver is in the national interest of the United
States.
SEC.
6. LIMITATION ON ASSISTANCE
PROVIDED THROUGH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS.
(a) Restrictions.—The
Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director
at each international financial institution—
(1) to use
the voice and vote of the United States in the respective institution to oppose
any loan or extension of financial or technical assistance to the Governments
of Ethiopia and Eritrea; and
(2) to work
with other key donor countries to develop a coordinated policy with respect to
lending to the Government of Ethiopia and the Government of the State of
Eritrea aimed at advancing human rights and promoting peace.
(b) Exception For Humanitarian
Purposes.—Paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a) shall not apply with
respect to any loan or financial or technical assistance provided for
humanitarian purposes, including efforts to prevent, detect, and respond to the
COVID–19 pandemic, or any other infectious disease threat that is declared by
the World Health Organization to be a Public Health Emergency of International
Concern.
(c) Waiver For Projects That
Directly Support Basic Human Needs.—The Secretary of the Treasury may
waive the application of subsection (a)(1) if the Secretary of the Treasury has
submitted to the appropriate congressional committees a written determination,
arrived at with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, that the waiver is
being exercised to support projects that directly support basic human needs.
(d) Termination.—Subsection
(a)(1) shall not apply on or after the date that is 30 days after the Secretary
of State determines and certifies to the appropriate congressional committees
that the Government of Ethiopia and the Government of the State of Eritrea
have—
(1) ceased
all offensive military operations associated with the civil war and other
conflicts in Ethiopia;
(2) taken
steps towards negotiations and an inclusive, legitimate national dialogue;
(3)
continuously allowed unfettered humanitarian access; and
(4)
cooperated with independent investigations of credible allegations of war
crimes, crimes against humanity, and other human rights abuses carried out in
the course of the civil war and other conflicts in Ethiopia.
(e) Definition Of
International Financial Institution.—In this section, the term
“international financial institution” means the International Monetary Fund,
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, European Bank for
Reconstruction and Development, International Development Association,
International Finance Corporation, Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency,
African Development Bank, African Development Fund, Asian Development Bank,
Inter-American Development Bank, Bank for Economic Cooperation and Development
in the Middle East and North Africa, and Inter-American Investment Corporation.
SEC.
7. LIMITATION ON SUPPORT PROVIDED
BY UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION.
(a) In General.—The
United States International Development Finance Corporation may not provide
support under title II of the Better Utilization of Investments Leading to
Development Act of 2018 (22 U.S.C. 9621 et seq.) for
projects in Ethiopia.
(b) Termination.—The
prohibition under subsection (a) shall not apply on or after the date that is
30 days after the Secretary of State determines and certifies to the
appropriate congressional committees that the Government of Ethiopia has—
(1) ceased
all offensive military operations related to the civil war and other conflicts
in Ethiopia;
(2) taken
steps toward negotiations and a legitimate, inclusive political dialogue;
(3)
continuously allowed unfettered humanitarian access; and
(4)
cooperated with independent investigations of credible allegations of gross
violations of internationally recognized human rights, war crimes, crimes
against humanity, and genocide, carried out in the course of the civil war and
other conflicts in Ethiopia.
(c) Waiver.—The
President may waive the prohibition under subsection (a) if the President—
(1)
determines that it is in the United States national security interest; and
(2) submits
to the appropriate congressional committees a report on the use of the waiver
not later than 15 days after the exercise of the waiver, including an
explanation as to why the waiver is in the national interests of the United
States.
SEC.
8. SUPPORT FOR ACCOUNTABILITY.
(a) In General.—The
President is authorized to provide financial, technical, and diplomatic support
for efforts and activities necessary to preserve evidence of atrocities in
Ethiopia and to pursue accountability for gross violations of internationally
recognized human rights, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide, as
well as any violations of international humanitarian law, that have taken place
in the course of the civil war and other conflicts in Ethiopia.
(b) Provision Of Information.—The
President is authorized to share information possessed by the United States
Government with organizations engaged in credible investigations meant to lead
to the prosecution of any individual credibly accused of gross violations of
internationally recognized human rights, war crimes, crimes against humanity,
genocide, and other atrocities in Ethiopia in accordance with this section.
SEC.
9. REPORT.
(a) In General.—Not
later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary
of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall submit to
the appropriate congressional committees a report that—
(1)
describes the actions and involvement of senior officials of the Government of
Ethiopia, the Government of Eritrea, the Tigrayan Peoples Liberation Front, and
armed opposition groups or associated forces engaged in—
(A)
directing, carrying out, or ordering gross violations of internationally
recognized human rights, war crimes, crimes against humanity, genocide, and
other atrocities in Ethiopia; and
(B)
directing, carrying out, or ordering targeting of civilians, civilian
infrastructure, medical facilities or the use or recruitment of children by
armed groups or armed forces in Ethiopia;
(2)
describes the actions and involvement of any external actors, including in the
People’s Republic of China, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Russia, Egypt,
Sudan, and Turkey, engaged in, facilitating, or financing the sale or transfers
of arms or weapons to any party to the civil war or other conflicts in
Ethiopia;
(3)
identifies foreign financial institutions in which senior officials described
in paragraph (1) or external actors described in paragraph (2) hold significant
assets, and provides an assessment of the value of such assets; and
(4)
identifies foreign financial institutions that knowingly facilitate or finance
the sale or transfer of weapons, arms, or non-lethal equipment intended or
altered by a third party for military use to any party to the civil war or
other conflicts in Ethiopia.
(b) Form.—The report
required by subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain
a classified annex.
SEC.
10. DETERMINATION OF GENOCIDE, WAR
CRIMES, OR CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY.
(a) In General.—Not
later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary
of State, in consultation with the heads of other Federal departments and
agencies represented on the Atrocity Early Warning Task Force and
representatives of human rights organizations, shall submit to the appropriate
congressional committees a determination whether actions in Ethiopia by the
armed forces of Ethiopia, the armed forces of Eritrea, the Tigrayan Peoples
Liberation Front, or associated forces or armed actors constitute genocide (as
defined in section 1091 of title 18, United States Code), war crimes, or crimes
against humanity.
(b) Form.—The determination
required under subsection (a) shall be submitted in unclassified form and
published on a publicly available website of the Department of State, but may
include a classified annex if such annex is provided separately from the
unclassified determination.
SEC.
11. DEFINITIONS.
In this Act:
(1) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.—The term
“appropriate congressional committees” means—
(A) the
Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Appropriations of the House
of Representatives; and
(B) the
Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appropriations of the
Senate.
(2) GROSS VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONALLY RECOGNIZED
HUMAN RIGHTS.—The term “gross violations of internationally recognized human
rights” includes torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or
punishment, prolonged detention without charges and trial, causing the
disappearance of persons by the abduction and clandestine detention of those
persons, and other flagrant denial of the right to life, liberty, or the
security of persons.
SEC.
12. SUNSET.
This Act,
and any sanctions imposed pursuant to this Act, shall cease to be effective
beginning on the date that is 10 years after the date of the enactment of this
Act.
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